viernes, 13 de agosto de 2010

¿Que es un coche hibrido?



A día de hoy con lo precios del combustible subiendo cada vez más, la respuesta hacia una movilidad más sostenible reside en los coches eléctricos y más a largo plazo en el hidrogeno.


Pero mientras se solventan los problemas de infraestructura y autonomía de éstos, el camino más inmediato es el de los híbridos.

Podemos definir a un hibrido como un coche de propulsión alternativa ya que hace uso de uno o más motores eléctricos combinados con un motor convencional.

¿Qué ventajas aportan los híbridos?

• Aprovechan mucho mejor la energía térmica, alrededor de un 30%, un motor convencional se queda en un 19%.

• Son ahorradores insuperables, ni siquiera un buen diesel consigue sus cifras en la ciudad.

• Emiten cifras de CO2 mucho más reducidas, es decir que contaminan menos.


Tipos de híbridos:

Hibrido combinado: el coche se mueve con el motor eléctrico a bajas velocidades, mientras que a velocidades mas elevadas el motor eléctrico y el térmico trabajan de forma conjunta. Ejemplo: Toyota Prius.

Hibrido en serie: el coche se mueve solo con electricidad, obtenida a través del motor térmico que ejerce de generador. Ejemplo: Chevrolet Volt.

Hibrido en paralelo: el motor térmico funciona todo el tiempo, pero es complementado por el motor eléctrico, mejorando salida, aceleración y consumos. Ejemplo: Honda Civic IMA.

Resumiendo:

Ventajas:

• Eficiencia en el consumo.

• Menores emisiones de CO2.

• Más suavidad al conducir y menos ruido.

• Recuperan energía en las frenadas (frenada regenerativa).

• Más autonomía que los eléctricos.

Desventajas:

• No todas las comunidades subvencionan su compra, por lo que el precio puede parecer un poco elevado comparado con un diesel (esto lo explicaré mas adelante).

• Se pierde algo de espacio en el maletero por las baterías.

• Suelen ser menos ágiles debido al sobrepeso de las baterías.

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